Comparative Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria From Integrated and Non Integrated Fish Farms in Bangladesh
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Date
2025-12-15
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Abstract
In Bangladesh,Farmers employ both integrated systems, where fish are raised alongside
crops or livestock and non-integrated systems that concentrate solely on fish farming.
Despite the potential dangers there is a lack of understanding regarding how antibiotic
resistance differs between integrated and non-integrated fish farming systems in
Bangladesh.This current study aims to compare bacterial resistance trends in these two
types of farming systems, providing insights to encourage safer and more sustainable
aquaculture practices.Twenty-four different Thai Pangas samples were collected from four
integrated and four non-integrated fish farms across the Noakhali region, Bangladesh.The
gut samples from each fish were collected and analyzed using standard microbiological
techniques.Bacterial strains were identified through morphological, biochemical, and
molecular methods.The isolates were then tested for antibiotic susceptibility against 15
different antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Furthermore, ESBLs,
quinolone and tetracycline resistance genes were identified by using specific
primers.Potential resistant isolates were selected and confirmed using 16S rRNA
sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.A total of 90 isolates were identified from both
integrated and non-integrated farms.The rate of antibiotic resistance was found to be 65% in
integrated farms compared to 40 % in non-integrated farms. Among all isolates, E. coli
exhibited the highest resistance rate at 22%,followed by Salmonella spp. at 19.50% and
Proteus spp. at 15.8% in integrated farms.Conversely, non-integrated farms showed the
highest resistance rates in E. coli (10%) and Klebsiella spp. (8%), and Proteus spp. (5%).
Furthermore, major resistance genes such as tetA, blaCTX-M ,blaTEM, sul1 and qnr were
detected in 47%, 35%, 23%,35% and 29% of isolates from integrated farms, respectively,
while the corresponding percentages in non-integrated farms were 25%, 23%, 15% and
17%.In this finding, a greater occurrence of antibiotic resistance was noted in integrated
farms than in non-integrated farms. Overall, the results will aid in the development of
effective aquaculture practices (EAP) designed to reduce antimicrobial resistance in aquatic
environment.